Workshop Reflections: Assessments

This year has been going by so quickly and I have spent a lot of energy trying to get my workshop to run smoothly and the way I imagine it should be based on resources about workshops. It has been fun getting different components to work for me, as well as challenging to work through so many different pieces. I always want my classroom to be the way it "should" be from the start, but getting some major new components, such as workshops, in place takes time. Lately I have been starting to see glimpses of what is to come in the future, and that is what keeps me going, knowing that I am making progress. I will be reflecting about what I have been learning this year about workshop, starting with assessment.

ASSESSMENTS
Assessments was one of my biggest challenges first quarter. Students were required to hand in four published pieces for the first quarter (two in English and two in Spanish) that I assessed using our state writing rubric, and I felt comfortable with that. However, I was not as pleased with other grades that I was putting in the grade book. At the start of the year I knew that I wanted a system that would allow for flexibility since students would not always be at the same place at the same time. I came up with a rubric outlining the expectations for workshop and different grades according to how they performed in workshop. From the beginning I was not 100% sure about this being the best way to go, but I did not have any better ideas. Over time it seemed like the grades did not necessarily demonstrate what I wanted them to. Improving in this area moved to the forefront of my reflections.

With the start of second quarter I am much more comfortable with the direction I am moving with assessment in workshop. Toward the end of last quarter I finally started implementing status of the class. It has been great to have a written record of students' reading and writing behaviors. Reading Mark Overmeyer's What Student Writing Teaches Us and reading his responses to some of my questions got the gears turning to start looking at assessment from new angles. Being exposed to his thoughts came at a perfect time. I was ready for the information since I had already worked through some of the start-up challenges with workshop in general.

From the time I read Overmeyer's book, I knew that I wanted my gradebook to be more standards based, rather than a huge chunk of the grades reflecting effort/participation that my workshop grade ended up being. I just needed time to process and consider how to make this happen. I knew right away that the grade for the published pieces based on the state writing rubric needed to carry more weight in their grades.

In his Q&A with me Overmeyer mentioned that he gives points for generating ideas for personal narratives. A couple of weeks after I first read this, the way I could implement his comments finally sunk in. I realized how I want to set up my gradebook this quarter. Now, rather than trying to assign workshop grade, I will give grades based on completing specific steps in the workshop process that are directly related to the standard that we are focusing on at the time. I have the same expectations for workshop that I previously watched for in order to evaluate and assign a workshop grades, but now I have more specific requirements that I will assess. For example, we are focusing on Ideas and Content right now because I observed that it was an area that many of my students need to continue developing. In a two week block of time students are required to complete a high/low chart that we did together, gather ideas about two of the events from their charts, and then write two rough drafts. If they finish everything, then they will continue gathering ideas or writing drafts. They can either work on more personal narratives or they can write slice of life stories or articles, the two genres that we have already worked on this year. Expectations such as these will make it clearer for the students of the minimum of what they should accomplish during a time frame.

I am still processing how I can improve in the way that I am assessing in reading workshop, and I am still considering ideas from Donalyn Miller's book when thinking about that area. Her reply to my questions on her book discussion were also very helpful. I also noticed another reply that she did to a teacher stating that she only uses status of the class at the beginning, and I can see how I may move in that direction as well. In writing I think that I am almost to the point where I can make that transition.

I am excited for the way that my workshop practices are improving and know that I still have many more discoveries awaiting me the rest of this year. Every year I will always be looking for some other way to improve, but I feel like I will have so much more figured out by the start of next year that I will be fine-tuning rather than figuring out the basic design.

Catching My Breath

The school year is in full swing, and October was a particularly busy month at school. We have a couple of annual committments that we sign up for at the start of the year, and mine ended up both being in October. When I signed up for them I did not think about how it was also the same month as the end of the first quarter and the start of a block of time at our school called language development where we mix our 4th-7th graders into proficiency levels in either Spanish or English for 40 minutes. I also did not think about how I would still have so much to adjust and improve as I am implementing a workshop approach for the first time, as well as a new social studies curriculum. Needless to say, at the end of September I realized how I would need to gear up for a stressful month.

Now I am looking forward to a hopefully calmer November. I feel much more confident about my workshop approach and the set-up that I have created and adjusted throughout the first quarter. I have also made additional adaptions to accomodate the special education pull out schedule at different times throughout the day that will be a lot smoother than last quarter.

The TOSA at our school who will be meeting with small groups of students to provide additional reading support will be starting on Monday. I am very excited because this year she will be able to do a push-in model, rather than a pull-out. She was able to accomodate my schedule so that she will provide her support during reading workshop, so it will be a seamless integration. There will still be a little bit of time for me to check in with those students as well. In addition, that group will also be flexible so as we identify the need for adjustments in grouping throughout the year we will be able to make the changes. While it will not be as flexible as my groups because they will not change as frequently, it is nice to know that they are not set for the whole year. I am so excited for this new set-up and the collaboration that we will be able to do in order to better support our readers.

Although October was stressful, there was so much to celebrate with first quarter. I have noticed so many gains in my 7th graders that I had last year, as well as improvements in my 6th graders in just one quarter. Seeing student growth always reminds me of why I wanted to become a teacher.

There is a lot to look forward to in November. I am excited to move into this time of the year with more tranquility. Later I will post on the changes that I made in my workshop block for this quarter and how they are going. My goal area for improvement for this quarter is to improve with my conferring. I just received Carl Anderson's How's It Going? I have heard so much about this book/author when conferring comes up. I am also excited for a forethcoming book from Stenhouse called Conferring: The Keystone of Reader's Workshop, which is already available on line. I feel so lucky to have access to quality books that focus on conferring in both reading and writing.

A Place for Wonder

Although I often read books that are from younger age groups, knowing that I can adapt ideas to older grades, they are typically k-5 books. The last time (maybe even the only time) I remember reading a book targeted at the primary grades was because it was a required text for my reading endorsement coursework a couple of years ago. However, when I saw information about Georgia Heard and Jennifer McDonough's new book, A Place for Wonder: Reading and Writing Nonfiction in the Primary Grades, my interest was piqued.

I loved Georgia Heard's Awakening the Heart, and my students just finished making their own heart maps. I was eager to read more from her. Also, my oldest daughter is in first grade now, so I thought it would be fun to see insights into her literacy learning and stage of development. The book gave me plenty of inspiring ideas on how I can continue to foster and nurture the curiosity that is characteristic of my daughter's age.

In addition, I was pleasantly surprised by the amount of ideas that would also positively impact my 6th and 7th graders. My margins are filled with notes intermixing ideas to use with my daughter and with my students. At home I now have fresh ideas on how to connect literacy and her love of nature. Each spring birds come to build nests in our porch, and we have always watched with curiosity as a family as the bird prepares, takes care of her babies, and when they are ready to fly off on their own. The nest is right in front of a big window in our door which can serve as a perfect observation window. In addition, she loves to look outside the front window to see animals such as squirrels. At school this quarter we will be working more on developing ideas. Last quarter we talked about the benefits of using sensory details but it is an area where my students could use more support. So many of the activities in the book will help foster this sense of tuning in to the senses as well as everyday details.

In addition, the book sparked more ideas on helping students develop research writing and the sense of wonder reminded me of Cris Tovani's lessons about wonder from her book I Read It But I Don't Get It. This led me to think about how the elements of wonder in Heard's book could also benefit reading comprehension.

I am excited to see the endless possibilities that Heard & McDonough's book offer with my daughter and students. I also look forward to sharing the book with my daughter's teacher, as I can imagine that she would be excited to see the ideas specifically targeted to her class. They ideas match the philosophy of our school and I can picture them being seemlessly integrated into her classroom set-up.

Standards-Based Grading Q&A with Mark Overmeyer

A couple of weeks ago when I read Mark Overmeyer's What Student Writing Teaches Us , it sparked an interest in standards-based grading. However, I was left with many questions on how to successfully use the concept in the classroom. Mark was generous enough to participate in a Q&A for my blog on the topic.

He began his comments with some thoughts to keep in mind when reading his responses:

Please note that all comments below are based on the premise that the standards used are strong standards. A standards-based grading system is only as strong as the standards themselves.

Overall, I think the standards used by my district are strong (and when they don't work, I use the NCTE / IRA standards).

With your experience with standards-based grading do teachers do a combination of daily assignments and standards assignments, or is it more beneficial to have the whole grade composed of standards based assignments?

My own experience with standards-based grades had been most successful when I connect every single assignment to one or more standards. I do less grading, and pay much more attention to my daily assignments. I no longer add assignments just to get more points in the gradebook. One assignment can span one or more standards: If I ask students to summarize their understanding of a science concept, I can score them on the science standard addressed, and also on the writing standard that requires them to concisely summarize a topic.

Using standards-based grading, how do teachers communicate progress in courses? Rather than progress reports with an overall average of assignments would it be a progress report with current demonstrations of work toward a standard that parents/students know they will be able to improve if they demonstrate a higher level of mastery throughout the quarter?

It is not that much different from my regular work with parents - perhaps just more clear. Remember that I said I always connect an assignment to a standard. My gradebook is organized into categories based on standards, and the assignments are not organized just by date. So, when I print grades, everything is printed according to the standard addressed. One assignment (as mentioned above) might list points for more than one standard. Averaging is a tricky question - there are whole books about grading (My favorite is Fair Isn't Always Equal by Wormeli), so this is not easy to address in a short space. But, I can determine how well students are doing, using a point system, and still use standards. For example, I may give students 5 points maximum for a list of possibilities they develop for their upcoming personal narratives. This addresses the standard about developing an effective writing process. Effective writers often come up with more than one idea so that they do not abandon the writing process when their first idea does not work. It seems fair to give 5 points to any student who has 2 - 5 ideas for the personal narrative. As students develop their pieces, I might give points for strong leads, points for specific supporting details, and points for structuring narratives effectively. These points can be given along the way - and when students take their piece to a more "final" copy, I can score it on a rubric and give them an overall score. Parents can chart progress in the same way they always do - I am just categorizing assignments intentionally by standard rather than by the date I give the assignment. Again - this works best when I never grade an assignment that is not based on standards.

How many grades would a teacher typically have for a quarter/semester? (Just one for each standard addressed in the grading period or more?)

I give fewer grades now. But, if I keep in mind that the practice I give students should pay off, I do not want to wait three to four weeks to give some points, because then I have no way of measuring progress along the way. So, many teachers I know give 1 to 2 grades per week, based on standards, and based on what students need to practice to get better at what we are actually writing.

How many standards do you typically address in a grading period?

When I am speaking about writing, based on my state standards, I would address all standards in all grading periods, because there are two main standards: Writing for various purposes, and Conventions.

Was standards-based grading a school-wide decision in your experience or a teacher to teacher decision?

I began standards-based grading systems for myself in the mid-1990s. Now, my entire district has standards based report cards for all elementary schools.

My students currently have some regular assignments, such as word study, an at home reading log, and reading and writing workshop participation. When students are absent they have to read/write for the equivalent amount of time that they would have done in workshop for the day in order to earn their workshop points. If I switched to standards-based grading would it be typical to not record such assignments in the grade book and communicate to students that they are beneficial in order to work toward demonstrating competency in the standards but will not count in the grade book?

I only grade based on standards. So, if I can address a standards for writing and reading on their in class work, how does this connect to a standard? It might connect in some way to comprehension, or to some type of writing process mentioned in standards - but if I cannot connect this practice to a specific standard, I do not grade it. I think writing and reading every day are very, very important - but the only way I know if this practice of reading and writing every day pays off is to connect this practice to a standard. (but see caveat above - this only works if the standards themselves are strong)

Do you report standards based grades as a letter grade on report cards or use a numbering system?

On the current report card, both are reported - numbers (4,3,2,1) and grades.

I appreciate Mark's insights. I already have plans for some changes to my grading practices for the start of the second quarter based on his comments and those of others. Reading his book and comments came at a perfect time for me, as I was already reflecting on the best way to assess and grade with a workshop model.

Writing Circles

The Heinemann emails always lure me in to want to buy more books. The lastest book I can't wait to read that goes along perfectly with my self-directed professional development is Jim Vopat's Writing Circles. I enjoyed hearing the podcast conversation between Vopat and Harvey Daniels. It confirms that the book will have a lot to offer as I continue to develop and discover what will work best for my students in a workshop setting.

Word Study Organization

I have mentioned word study frequently on my blog, and it appears to be an area that shows up often as searches that people do that lead them to this site. I thought some readers would be interested in seeing how my set-up looks.

 

I create all of my whole-group word sorts on sentence strips. I put heading words on a different colored sentence strip with a card on the front that abbreviates the level of word study and sort number (that correlates with the pre-made sort books that I bought). I still have not completed this on every sort yet, but I want to write notes on the back of every title card with any details that I need to remember about the sort. Then I clip each sort with a binder clip. I have a shoe box sized storage box for each category of sorts. This is what my Within Word Patterns (WWP) sort box looks like.

 

My cabinet right next to the area where I meet for small group introductions is where I keep all of the boxes, as well as clipboards for students to do their weekly spell checks.

 

This is the counter right above the cupboard shown in the second photo. I have all of my pre-made sort books as well as an organizer where I keep small pieces of paper and pens to jot down quick notes, markers, extra pieces of cut up sentence strips, paper clips, and binder clips. Then I also have a clipboard with the different groups by grade-level. I always set out the current weeks' sorts as well as the student sort copies and the word study form that I assign to my students each week.

Is there anything else you would like to know about how I implement word study?

Wall Space

As Stacey previously mentioned, I have a lot of wall space to display student work. I was excited to display some of their work Friday evening. I had a long day at the school by staying late, but I left energized knowing that my students' work was finally up.

(Picture temporarily down - I realized that the photo I took shows one of the Heart Maps with the students name clearly showing in the picture, so I am going to take a different picture to add later.)
I put all of their heart maps above the counter/shelving. I wanted to have them in a location where they were very visible, yet not down low where someone might accidentally bump them. Students put a lot of thought into their heart maps, and I did not want them to get torn or scuffed up inadvertently.

 

Originally I was going to create our bulletin board for social studies, but then I thought about how it was a perfect opportunity for students to be involved with the creation. For each section, I post an essential question. Then students create visuals for areas that I direct them to represent key concepts from our chapters. The first one shows an introductory geography challenge to start out our unit. I created a lot of this, but a couple of students filled in the map.

The second section is a better representation of what it will usually look like. Students created a visual for four main areas that we studied in which the Roman Empire continues to influence modern life. They completed the visuals in small groups.

I look forward to utilizing other areas of wall space to display more student work. Friday I also set up an outline for our time line and students will be creating different dates to add to the time line as we move through our unit.